Technical articles

Technical articles on uncertainty, reporting basis, and compliance

Guidance for engineers and compliance teams working with DP flow measurement, laboratory data, compensated properties, and ETS reporting responsibilities.


Start with the question closest to your case
Operational uncertainty

Why Your Design-Point Uncertainty Is Not Your Real Uncertainty

Your meter's uncertainty is calculated at one operating point. But it runs across a range of flows all year. The flow-weighted uncertainty is what actually matters for compliance.

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EU ETS / CO₂ reporting

How Flowmeter Uncertainty Affects Your CO₂ Emissions Figure

Your EU ETS annual emissions figure inherits the uncertainty of the flowmeter that measured the fuel. Here is how to quantify the CO₂ measurement uncertainty.

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Verification / audit

What Your EU ETS Verifier Needs in an Uncertainty Report

A headline uncertainty percentage is not enough. Verifiers need the methodology, the inputs, the assumptions, and the evidence trail. Here is what a complete report should include.

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Feasibility / screening

Is It Worth Improving Your Uncertainty Basis? A Practical Feasibility Check

Compare the current case with a realistic improved case and judge whether tighter uncertainty is likely to matter before investing effort.

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Fluid properties / compensation

Pressure- and Temperature-Compensated Density: Common Pitfalls and Hidden Errors

Why a corrected number is not automatically a correct number, and where compensation logic can quietly go wrong.

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Compliance / responsibility

EU ETS vs ETS2: Who Is Responsible for the Uncertainty Basis?

Clarifies what sits with the operator or regulated entity, what the verifier does, and where the uncertainty basis really belongs.

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Laboratory data / design basis

What If Lab Samples Do Not Match the Design Case?

Why a mismatch between lab samples and the design case does not prove either one is wrong, but does show the basis must be reconciled.

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Use the articles to frame the question

Each article is intended to help you define the technical issue clearly before you decide whether to run a calculation, review a report, or challenge the basis behind an existing result.

Then move into the calculation

Once the question is clear, the calculator is the next step. The example report and methodology pages show how the result is structured and what sits behind it.

Need to see the formal deliverable as well?

Review the example report to see the compliance verdict with flow-weighted uncertainty, uncertainty budget, calculation workings, instrument register, and flow profile back-test.